Kernaussagen
Vorbereitung
-
Vor Beginn der Untersuchung ist für den Patienten eine individuelle Risikoabschätzung
hinsichtlich möglicher kardiorespiratorischer Probleme zwingend erforderlich. Eine
vollständige Notfallausrüstung muss unmittelbar verfügbar sein.
-
Außer bei COPD-Patienten hat sich die Gabe von 2 l Sauerstoff per Nasensonde zur Vermeidung
von Hypoxämien als günstig erwiesen.
Sedierung
-
Bei rein diagnostischen, meist kurz dauernden Untersuchungen ist der Vorteil einer
Sedierung hinsichtlich der Untersuchungseffizienz nicht eindeutig belegt.
-
Midazolam hat sich aufgrund der im Vergleich zu Diazepam deutlich kürzeren Halbwertszeit
unter den Benzodiazepinen durchgesetzt.
-
Propofol hat sich anhand zahlreicher Studien mittlerweile gegenüber den Benzodiazepinen
hinsichtlich der Sedierungseffizienz bei endoskopischen Interventionen als überlegen
erwiesen, sodass es – auch aufgrund der vorteilhaften Pharmakokinetik und der deutlich
kürzeren Aufwachzeit – inzwischen einen festen Platz im klinischen Alltag gefunden
hat.
-
Die Propofol-Sedierung kann an nicht ärztliches Assistenzpersonal delegiert werden
unter der Voraussetzung, dass der delegierende Arzt in jedem Einzelfall über den Patienten
informiert ist und ein zweiter für die Sedierung verantwortlicher Arzt in Rufweite
zur Verfügung steht. Die Anwendung von Propofol in Einzelpraxen bleibt somit weiterhin
problematisch.
Monitoring und Management nach der Sedierung
-
Mindeststandard bei endoskopischen Untersuchungen ist der Einsatz der Pulsoxymetrie
und des Blutdruck-Monitorings. Für aufwendigere Verfahren, wie Kapnografie und Neuromonitoring,
konnte noch kein Sicherheitszugewinn für die Patienten nachgewiesen werden.
-
Bei der Entlassung der Patienten aus dem ambulanten Bereich müssen die Minimalkriterien
erfüllt sein. Die Patienten sollten nach Sedierung die Endoskopieeinheit in Begleitung
verlassen.
-
Die Wartezeit bis zur passiven und aktiven Teilnahme am Straßenverkehr sowie die Dauer
der Arbeitsunfähigkeit richten sich nach der Halbwertszeit der für die Sedierung verwendeten
Substanz.
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Dr. med. Andrea Riphaus
Medizinische Universitätsklinik
Ruhr-Universität Bochum
Knappschaftskrankenhaus
In der Schornau 23 – 25
44892 Bochum
Email: ariphaus@web.de
Prof. Dr. Till Wehrmann
Leiter des FB Gastroenterologie
Stiftung Deutsche Klinik für Diagnostik GmbH
Aukammallee 33
65191 Wiesbaden
Email: till.wehrmann@dkd-wiesbaden.de